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on April 18, 2020
STATIC ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC CHARGES (read ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION now)
LIKE CHARGES AND UNLIKE CHARGES
Charges are produced when a plastic comb is rubbed with a cloth. This will make someone hair stand if placed near it. These charges are at rest.
Static Electricity can be defined as Electric charges at rest.
A glass rubbed with silk produces some class of charges called positive charges and are denoted by ++++ sign.
Plastic rod rubbed with fur produces another class of charges called negative charges and are denoted by - - - - signs.
When similar charges are placed besides each other, they repel . when dissimilar charges are placed besides each other , they attract each other.
Therefore,
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract
Two positives or two negatives charges will repel each other, while a negative and a positive charges will attract each other.
see Picture above for atomic structure
Read about ATOMIC STRUCTURE now
Positive and Negative Ions
A Positive ion is formed when one or more electrons are removed from neutral atom and the atom remain positively charged.
A Negative ion is formed when a neutral atom gain one or more electrons to itself, and the atom is Negatively charged.
IONIZATION
Ionization is the process of making an atom to become a positive ion or a negative ion
See picture of atom above.
Production of Electric charges, Electrostatic Induction
Charges can be produced by
- Contact
- Friction
- Electrostatic induction
By contacts
When a charged negative rod is placed besides uncharged rod , the uncharged rod becomes positively charged at the point of contact while the other side of the uncharged rod becomes negatively charged.
By friction
When a charged substance is rubbed with an uncharged one , for example, an Ebonite rod is rubbed against a fur , the Ebonite rod acquires an equal amount of negatives charge from the fur while the fur remain positively charged.
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