STATIC ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC CHARGES AND ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION, Atomic structures

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STATIC ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC CHARGES (read ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION now)

LIKE CHARGES AND UNLIKE CHARGES

Charges are produced when a plastic comb is rubbed with a cloth. This will make someone hair stand if placed near it. These charges are at rest.

Static Electricity can be defined as Electric charges at rest.

A glass rubbed with silk produces some class of charges called positive charges and are denoted by ++++ sign.

Plastic rod rubbed with fur produces another class of charges called negative  charges and are denoted by - - - - signs.

When similar charges are placed besides each other, they repel . when dissimilar charges are placed besides each other , they attract each other.

Therefore,

  Like charges repel and unlike charges attract

Two positives or two negatives charges  will repel each other, while a negative and a positive charges will attract each other.

see Picture above for atomic structure  

Read about ATOMIC STRUCTURE now

Positive and Negative Ions

A Positive ion is formed when one or more electrons are removed from neutral atom and the atom remain positively charged.

A Negative ion is formed when a  neutral atom gain one or more electrons to itself, and the atom is Negatively charged.

IONIZATION

Ionization is the process of making an atom to become a positive ion or a negative ion

  See picture of atom above.

Production of Electric charges, Electrostatic Induction

Charges can be produced by

1. Contact
2. Friction
3. Electrostatic induction

By contacts

When a charged negative rod is placed besides uncharged rod , the uncharged rod becomes positively charged at the point of contact while the other side of the uncharged rod becomes negatively charged.

 By friction

When a charged substance is rubbed with an uncharged one , for example, an Ebonite rod is rubbed against a fur , the Ebonite rod acquires an equal amount of negatives charge from the fur while the fur remain positively  charged.

 by  ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION

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